Women health


 What causes miscarriage?

Miscarriages are common and, in many cases, unavoidable. Pregnancy loss before 12 weeks is referred to as an early miscarriage, and it occurs in approximately 10% of all pregnancies. It may be incredibly frustrating if you've had several miscarriages soon after conceiving with no apparent explanation. So, what causes 6- to 8-week miscarriages?

Usually, early miscarriages were blamed on chromosomal defects that cause embryo growth to stop, and while this is true in some cases, it is not true in all. Miscarriages are caused by a variety of circumstances at various stages of pregnancy, and not understanding why can be frustrating.

Following embryo implantation, doctors offer preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) to screen the embryos for possible aneuploidy (chromosomal imbalance). Whereas this procedure has proven to be quite valuable, that's not always accurate because the cells analyzed do not necessarily represent the entire embryo.

Both placenta and its progenitor (the trophectoderm) contain more aneuploid cells, which are examined with PGT-A. So, despite being designated aneuploid by PGS testing, an embryo might sometimes develop into a totally normal baby.

A most prevalent cause of pregnancy losses in women is chromosomal abnormalities in the embryo, however, what else could cause early miscarriages? Continue reading:

LESS PREVALENT CAUSES OF MISCARRIAGE AT 6-8 WEEKS:

Immune system hyperactivity

An embryo contains genetic material from both the father and the mother, this means it is always 50% foreign to the mother's body and immune system. Normally, during pregnancy, the immune system is reprogrammed to accept this embryo.

Nevertheless, if your immune system is overactive or you have auto-immune illnesses, your body may recognize the embryo as a foreign thing and attack it. This leads to embryo implantation issues, clinical pregnancies, and early losses.

Following chromosomal defects in the embryo, maternal immune disorders are the most common cause of early miscarriage.

Other reasons for early miscarriage between 6 and 8 weeks

Additional causes of early miscarriages besides chromosomal and immunologic factors include:

1. Abnormalities in the uterine anatomy

If uterine abnormalities go undiscovered, they might lead to recurrent miscarriages. According to research published in the international Human Reproduction, more than 65 percent of women with septate uterus miscarry. A bicornuate, unicornuate, didelphic, T-shaped or pointed uterus can also result in an early miscarriage. If you have large fibroids, your doctor may advise you to have them removed in order to have a safe pregnancy.

Not that all fibroids must be removed. The likelihood of a fibroid causing a miscarriage is determined by its placement within your uterus.

2. Infections

Infections cause approximately 15% of all early miscarriages. Bacterial vaginosis (abnormal vaginal bacteria), HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), Gonorrhea, or cytomegalovirus (CMV) have all been linked to an increased risk of miscarriage.

3. Diabetes uncontrolled as well as high blood pressure

A total of 1,228 women who had at least one previous miscarriage were evaluated. During in the trial, 797 women became pregnant, and 188, or nearly 24 percent, had another miscarriage.

Regardless if they had normal blood pressure prior to the pregnancy, each 10 mm increase in systolic blood pressure was shown to be associated with an 8% greater risk of miscarriage, and each 10 mm increase in diastolic blood pressure was associated with an 18% increased risk of miscarriage.

4. Thyroid disorder

Pregnancy miscarriage is increased by hypothyroidism and elevated TSH levels. TSH levels of more than 4.5 mU/L are linked to an increased risk of miscarriage.

5. Clotting of the blood

Having inherited or hereditary thrombophilia increases your risk of blood clotting. Blood clots in the placenta increase risk of miscarriage and fetal loss. Some doctors recommend that all IVF patients be tested for "antiphospholipid syndrome," so if it exists, it can be controlled with drugs to increase the odds of a successful pregnancy.

6. Pharmacology

Misoprostol, methotrexate, retinoids, and several NSAIDS are all detrimental to pregnancy and it may result in an early miscarriage. During pregnancy, always take over-the-counter medications without consulting your doctor.

7. Food poisoning

This is not invariably the cause of miscarriage, but rare episodes of food sickness can be fatal to the developing embryo. Listeria, a pathogen present in soft, unpasteurized cheeses as well as other undercooked foods, can induce miscarriage. Furthermore, undercooked eggs and raw meat can induce Salmonella and Toxoplasmosis, both of which can lead to miscarriage.

8. Environmental factors

Significant impact on the environment to dangerous chemicals like lead, arsenic, mercury, insecticides, and so on can increase your chances of miscarriage. Make an appointment with the doctor to determine whether your environment is to blame for miscarriages.

Although any of the aforementioned can cause an early miscarriage at 6-8 weeks, the most prevalent causes of miscarriage are chromosomal abnormalities in the embryo or immunologic disorders in the mother.

 When a miscarriage is a concern, doctors normally recommend Karyotype testing in both parents to determine the size, shape, and number of your chromosomes. If the results are normal [normal female (45, XX) and normal male (46, XY), the mother should be checked for immunological problems.

Following a miscarriage, the doctor may recommend testing the products of conception (the fetus, placenta, as well as other pregnancy tissues) for chromosomal abnormalities.

If all appears to be normal, the maternal immunological reaction and other factors must be considered when attempting another pregnancy.

 

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