Health difficulties are becoming more public than ever in the
world today. This perhaps has to do with both growth in medical science,
because of which it has been relaxed to diagnose health problems, and also
people’s lifestyle, which is becoming progressively unhealthy.
The main causes for are unhealthy diet, lack of exercise,
environmental poverty, high stress levels and inheritances. While in the past, infectious
ailments were the major issues, non-communicable diseases are the main issues
today.
Below, we deliberate the most prevalent health issues in the
world today along with their warning sign, causes and preventive procedures.
1. Cancer
Cancer remains one of the key health concerns of the 21st
century. Its incidence has been increasing with transformation and advancement
perhaps due to environmental worsening and increased exposure to chemicals and radioactivity.
While there’s no specific cause of cancer, various risk factors donate
to the genesis of particular kinds of cancer. Tobacco and smoking, obesity,
alcoholism, too much sun exposure and radiation are among the common risk
factors, while genetics also theaters a pivotal role with improved risk among
siblings and relations.
Several infections like Hepatitis B virus and Human Papilloma
virus are also among the ancestors of cancer. Prostate cancer and breast cancer
are the most mutual cancers in males and females separately.
Although a number of anticancer drugs, chemotherapy, radiation
therapy and surgical procedure are used in treating cancer, whole treatment is
still far off for many neoplasms. Hence, initial detection of cancer is vital.
Systematic screening for cancer, lifestyle modifications like
regular exercise, healthy diet, leaving smoking and tobacco are the defensive
measures.
2. Diabetes
Diabetes is a chronic disorder associated with unusually high
blood glucose levels: fasting blood sugar level greater than 110 mg/dl, random
blood glucose level better than 200 mg/dl.
Blood glucose level is upheld in normal range of 70-110 mg/dl by
insulin, a hormone secreted by β cells of pancreas. Any abnormality that causes
injury of β cells, and thus slight or no insulin, contributes to pathogenesis
of Type 1 diabetes usually seen in children and youth. Though results when body cells become resistant to action
of insulin and it normally affects older people.
Diabetes leads to many acute and chronic problems affecting
almost all parts of the body – brain (stroke, cognitive impairment), eye
(retinopathy, glaucoma), heart (heart attack, congestive heart failure), nerves
(peripheral neuropathy), ear (hearing damage), and skin (enlarged risk of
infections). It thus remnants one of the most debilitating diseases.
Precautionary measures include lifestyle modifications like steady
exercise, inclusion of fiber-rich whole grains, nuts, vegetables and fruits in
diet, upholding normal weight and regular examination.
Handling regimen for type 1 and type 2 diabetes differ in that
type 1 diabetes dealing includes insulin while type 2 diabetes are treated by
sulfonylureas (glibenclamide, glipizide), meglitinides (repaglinide),
biguanides (metformin), thiazolidinediones (pioglitazone).
3.
Heart diseases
Heart illnesses like myocardial infarction, angina, and heart
failure have been related with a high fatality rate, killing more people than
all forms of cancer joint in the United States.
Smoking, high-fat diet, lack of exercise and sedentary lifestyle
are the common causes, while other body situations add fuel to the fire
aggravating the disease. Atherosclerosis, diabetes, hypertension and contagions
are common culprits.
Henceforth, preventive measures like placing an end to smoking,
minimizing salt intake, regular physical exercise, overwhelming a diet low in
fat and having regular health checkups will do a lot in plummeting your risk
for heart diseases.
4. Kidney
disease
Renal catastrophe remains one of the main global medical
concerns. Kidney disease is measured by measurement of GFR, which is the
ability of kidneys to filter blood. Normal value of GFR is 125ml/min and by meaning
decrease in GFR is kidney disappointment.
Causes of acute kidney injury include pre-renal causes like
dehydration, blood loss and shock; renal causes include infections of kidney;
obstruction to urine movement falls under post-renal reasons.
When kidneys don’t purpose for more than 3 months, it’s called
chronic kidney disease, unlike acute kidney injury which is severe in onset.
Symptoms include summary urine volume, nausea, loss of appetite, muscle cramps,
etc.
Guidelines for kidney disease deterrence include reduced protein
intake, salt control, adequate fluid intake, cessation of smoking and upholding
normal body weight. Additions like to really
help in weight loss. Since kidney failure is mostly produced by diabetes and
hypertension, behavior strategies include control of blood glucose level and
blood pressure by necessary hypoglycemic and anti-hypertensive drugs. Kidney relocate
is reserved for serious cases.
5.
Alzheimer’s disease
Alzheimer’s disease affects mental function of the brain, and is
more common in females than in males. In males, another brain disease—Parkinson
disease—is more shared.
While the exact cause of Alzheimer disease vestiges unknown, its
widely known that advancing age and family history are common risk factors
along with obesity, hypertension and Down syndrome amid others.
Pathophysiology involves accretion of senile plaques or
beta-amyloid plaques and development of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs)
ultimately leading to loss of neurons and synapses necessary for cognitive meanings
of the body.
Behavior therapy includes only symptomatic
therapies–cholinesterase inhibitors. Drugs are used according to symptoms, like
antidepressants for unhappiness and for agitation, sleep disorders, etc.
Routine physical exercise will have effect on disease development as increased
cardiorespiratory fitness has been shown to slow disease evolution.
6.
Influenza
While fighting influenza
on his/her own, immune cooperated people, especially children, old, expectant
women, and people with conditions like diabetes and hypertension are at
increased risk of emerging potentially fatal pneumonia
Increased incidence and death toll due to swine flu (H1N1 virus)
led the WHO to declare the first flu pandemic in 41 years on June 11, 2009. It
affected all continents except Antarctica in 2009-2010 season and has been
regular problem since then, though luckily mortality rate has been similar to
usual flu.
With complications like pneumonia, influenza poses a serious
threat especially to above mentioned risk groups. Preemptive vaccination is the
most effective way to prevent disease while regular washing of hands,
preventing unnecessary touching of nose and mouth and wearing masks are also to
be followed.
Two antiviral agents, Zanamavir and Oseltamavir, are effective
drugs to reduce the effects of swine flu, with newer drugs under study. There
is evidence, however, of drug resistance due to excessive and indiscriminate
use. Hence, necessary precautions and prevention are the most efficient way to
save oneself from falling victim to the influenza virus.
Stroke or cerebrovascular accident is a disorder potentially
caused when blood supply to brain is interrupted thus leading to death of brain
cells. It may be triggered by ischemia– due to blocked artery—or it can be
hemorrhagic—due to bursting of family vessel.
Risk factors include obesity, physical inactivity, hypertension
and diabetes, while genetics also plays a role. Since it can lead to a number
of problems like paralysis of contralateral sides of the body, loss of
cognitive occupation, emotional problems and abnormal behaviors, and also due
to the fact that management for any disease of the brain is complicated, one
ought to have adequate knowledge about stroke, about its risk factors in
general and everyone should grow healthy lifestyle.
8. AIDS
AIDS, having originated from monkeys, is already a global
pandemic. About 37 million people are living with HIV AIDS with 17 million uninformed
of the fact they have the worm in their body. Sub-Saharan Africa is the most
affected region with 25.8 million victims there, with significant number of
them being children due to mother-to-child broadcast either during pregnancy,
childbirth or breastfeeding.
Transmitted through body fluids–blood, semen, breast milk,
vaginal fluid, rectal fluids—it can be prevented if program of fluids can be
avoided. Hence, safe blood transfusion, safe sex, limiting the number of sexual
partners, getting tested and treated for other STDs are the effective
preventive measures.
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) helps HIV infected people to minimalize
virus load and stop progression of disease thus, reducing risk of spread to
other people as well. Antiretroviral therapy is provided to minimize risk of broadcast
to child while new born child should also receive the treatment for 6 weeks. As
a post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), it is also used in cases possibly uncovered
to HIV as in breakage of barrier throughout sex, exposure to virus in health
workers,
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